Madhya Pradesh – The Heart of India Location & Area Madhya Pradesh (MP) lies in the center of India, earning it the title “Heart of India.” It is the second largest state by area, covering 308,252 sq km, and shares borders with Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. Capital & Cities Capital: Bhopal Largest City: Indore Other major cities: Gwalior, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Sagar, Rewa. Geography & Climate Diverse landscape: plateaus (Malwa, Bundelkhand), hills (Vindhya, Satpura), and fertile river valleys. Major rivers: Narmada, Chambal, Betwa, Tapti, Shipra. Climate: Hot summers, monsoon rains (June–Sept), cool winters. History & Culture Rich heritage with ancient caves, temples, forts, and palaces. UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Khajuraho Temples, Sanchi Stupa, Bhimbetka Rock Shelters. Known for classical music, dance, festivals, and handicrafts like Chanderi & Maheshwari textiles. Famous pilgrimage centers: Ujjain, Omkareshwar, Maheshwar. Economy Agriculture: wheat, soybean, pulses, and rice are key crops. Minerals: coal, bauxite, copper, and diamonds (Panna). Industrial hubs: Indore, Bhopal, Pithampur (automobiles, textiles, food processing). Tourism: wildlife safaris, heritage circuits, and spiritual tourism. Nature & Wildlife Known for national parks and tiger reserves: Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Satpura. Rich biodiversity makes it a top wildlife and eco-tourism destination. Tourism Highlights Khajuraho Temples – world-famous for their intricate sculptures. Sanchi Stupa – symbol of India’s Buddhist heritage. Bhimbetka Rock Shelters – prehistoric cave paintings. Ujjain’s Mahakaleshwar Temple – one of the 12 Jyotirlingas. Orchha & Gwalior Fort – architectural marvels. Best Time to Visit October to March – pleasant weather for sightseeing and wildlife safaris.